- semi-autobiographical novel attacking Victorian-era hypocrisy
- traces 4 generations of the Pontifex family
- represents diminishment of religious outlook from Calvinistic approach
Erewhon
- an anagram for "Nowhere"
- satire of Victorian soicety
- based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand
- Erewhon appears at first to be a utopia but it soon becomes clear that this is far from the case
- satirizes criminal punishment, religion and anthropocentrism
- offenders are treated as if they were ill, whilst the ill are looked upon as criminals
- there are no machines in Erewhon as they are considered to be dangerous as they might develop consciousness and supersede mankind
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